Electro-optical apparatus, manufacturing method thereof, and electronic instrument

ABSTRACT

The invention reduces or suppresses outside light reflection without reducing or substantially reducing the light emitting strength from a light-emitting element. An apparatus of the invention includes a light-emitting element. A wavelength correcting unit, a planar polarization beam splitter, and a polarizing plate are also included.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0001] 1. Field of Invention

[0002] The present invention relates to an electro-optical apparatus, amanufacturing method thereof, and an electronic instrument having theelectro-optical apparatus. More specifically, the invention relates toan electro-optical apparatus having a light-emitting element, such as anorganic EL apparatus, a manufacturing method thereof, and an electronicinstrument having the electro-optical apparatus.

[0003] 2. Description of Related Art

[0004] A related art electro-optical apparatus, such as a liquid crystalapparatus and an organic EL (electroluminescence) apparatus, may have anarrangement in that a plurality of circuit elements, electrodes, liquidcrystal elements, or EL elements, are deposited on a substrate. Forexample, the organic EL apparatus has a light-emitting elementcontaining a light-emitting substance that is sandwiched by electrodelayers formed of an anode and a cathode, so that it utilizes alight-emitting phenomena of positive holes injected from the anode sideand electrons injected from the cathode side, which are rejoinedtogether in a fluorescence-emittable light-emitting layer so as to beinactivated from an excited state.

[0005] In one type of such organic EL apparatuses, in which light isemitted by the emission of the light-emitting element from the sideopposite to the substrate, outside light that is incident in an EL panelis reflected by the light-emitting element so as to become reflectedlight, so that the contrast of the light-emitting element may be reducedhaving an adverse affect on visibility.

[0006] Therefore, in order to address or prevent such a problem, aquarter wave plate and a circularly polarizing plate are provided on thesurface of the EL panel as wavelength correcting plates.

[0007] In this structure, one half of the outside light is blocked bythe polarizing plate and the other half of the light passes through thepolarizing plate and is aligned with a polarization axis of thepolarizing plate. The outside light transmitted through the polarizingplate is reflected by the light-emitting element so as to approach thepolarizing plate again, and is absorbed in the polarizing plate as thepolarization axis is twisted at an angle of 90° by transmitting thequarter wave plate two times, so that almost all of the outside-lightreflection due to the outside light is consequently reduced orsuppressed.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0008] Such a related art electro-optical apparatus as discussed above,however, is subject to the following problem.

[0009] Although the outside-light reflection can be substantiallyreduced or suppressed, because one half of the emitted light from thelight-emitting element is also absorbed in the polarizing plate, aproblem arises in that a display becomes darkened since thelight-emitting strength from the inside is reduced.

[0010] The present invention addresses the problems mentioned above, andprovides an electro-optical apparatus capable of reducing or suppressingoutside-light reflection without reducing the light-emitting strengthfrom a light-emitting element. The invention also provides amanufacturing method thereof, and an electronic instrument having theelectro-optical apparatus.

[0011] In order to address or achieve the above, the present inventionmay adopt the following exemplary arrangements.

[0012] An electro-optical apparatus according to the present inventionincludes a light-emitting element. A wavelength correcting unit, aplanar polarization beam splitter, and a polarizing plate are arranged.

[0013] Therefore, according to the present invention, one polarizedelement of the light incident from the opposite of the substrate iseffectively absorbed by the polarizing plate, enabling the reflectedlight to be halved. On the other hand, one half or approximately onehalf of the polarized element of the light produced in thelight-emitting layer passes through the planar polarization beamsplitter and the absorption-type polarizing plate so as to be directlyemitted in the front, while the other half or substantially the otherhalf of the polarized element is reflected by the planar polarizationbeam splitter, and the polarizing direction is twisted at an angle of90° by the wavelength correcting layer and a metallic electrode, forexample, of the light-emitting element, so that the polarized elemententers the planar polarization beam splitter again so as to be emittedin the front. Accordingly, all of the light or substantially all of thelight produced in the light-emitting layer can be emitted in the front,preventing or substantially preventing the reduction in thelight-emitting strength. Therefore, all of the light or substantiallyall of the light produced by the light-emitting element can be emittedin a state that the outside light is reduced or suppressed to be half orless, enabling the visibility to be enhanced.

[0014] According to the present invention, the planar polarization beamsplitter may include a scaling layer to hermetically seal thelight-emitting element.

[0015] Thereby, according to the present invention, the light-emittingelement may be hermetically sealed so that the degradation of thelight-emitting element due to the oxidation of a material of the elementcan be reduced or suppressed, enabling defects due to the elementdegradation, which are instability with time and a short life span, tobe reduced or suppressed.

[0016] According to the present invention, the sealing layer may beformed of a plurality of layers by alternately laying up an inorganiccompound layer having an isotropic refractive index, on which a rubbingtreatment is performed in a predetermined direction, and an organiccompound layer having an anisotropic refractive index.

[0017] Thereby, according to the present invention, incident light maybe divided into two light rays linearly polarized in a perpendiculardirection relative to each other, or two circularly polarized light rayswith a rotating direction opposite to each other, according to a rubbingdirection and a polarized element of light. Also, the inorganic layermay include a gas barrier layer for the light-emitting element while theorganic layer may include an insulating layer between the gas barrierlayer and the light-emitting element.

[0018] According to the present invention, the rubbing directions in thelaid layers, each having the isotropic refractive index, of the planarpolarization beam splitter are the same.

[0019] Thereby, according to the present invention, incident light canbe divided into reflected light and transmitted light according to therubbing direction and the polarized element of light.

[0020] According to the present invention, the wavelength correctingunit may be formed by laying up a plurality of liquid crystallinecompound layers, in each of which chiral dopant is orientated in apredetermined direction, so that the chiral dopant orientating directionof each layer is displaced by a predetermined angle from each other.

[0021] Thereby, according to the present invention, a quarter waveplate, for example, may be arranged according to the displacement of thechiral dopant orientation.

[0022] On a surface of the polarizing plate, at least one of nonglaringtreatment and reflection-reducing treatment may be performed.

[0023] Thereby, according to the present invention, the outside lightreflection due to outside light can be reduced or suppressed, enhancingcontrast.

[0024] An electronic instrument according to the present inventionincludes the electro-optical apparatus described above.

[0025] Thereby, according to the present invention, an electronicinstrument with a bright display can be obtained, in which outside lightreflection is reduced or suppressed without reducing the light-emittingstrength from the light-emitting element.

[0026] On the other hand, a manufacturing method of an electro-opticalapparatus that includes a light-emitting element according to thepresent invention includes: arranging a wavelength correcting unit,arranging a planar polarization beam splitter, and arranging apolarizing plate.

[0027] Thereby, according to the present invention, one polarizedelement of the light incident from the opposite side of the substrate iseffectively absorbed by the polarizing plate, enabling the reflectedlight to be halved or substantially halved. On the other hand, one halfof the polarized element of the light produced in the light-emittinglayer passes through the planar polarization beam splitter and theabsorption-type polarizing plate so as to be directly emitted in thefront, while the other half of the polarized element is reflected by theplanar polarization beam splitter, and the polarizing direction istwisted at an angle of 90° by the wavelength correcting layer and ametallic electrode, for example, of the light-emitting element, so thatthe polarized element enters the planar polarization beam splitter againso as to be emitted in the front. Accordingly, all or substantially allof the light produced in the light-emitting layer can be emitted in thefront, preventing or substantially preventing the reduction in thelight-emitting strength. Therefore, all or substantially all of thelight produced by the light-emitting element can be emitted in a statethat the outside light is suppressed to be half or less, enabling thevisibility to be enhanced.

[0028] Also, the present invention may include forming a sealing layerto hermetically seal the light-emitting element with the planarpolarization beam splitter.

[0029] Thereby, according to the present invention, the light-emittingelement may be hermetically sealed so that the degradation of thelight-emitting element due to the oxidation of a material of the elementcan be reduced or suppressed, enabling defects due to the elementdegradation, which are instability with time and a short life span, tobe reduced or suppressed.

[0030] In the present invention, the forming the sealing layer may alsoinclude forming a plurality of layers by alternately laying up aninorganic compound layer having an isotropic refractive index, on whicha rubbing treatment is performed in a predetermined direction, and anorganic compound layer having an anisotropic refractive index.

[0031] Thereby, according to the present invention, incident light maybe divided into two light rays that are linearly polarized in aperpendicular direction relative to each other, or two circularlypolarized light rays with a rotating direction opposite to each other,according to a rubbing direction and a polarized element of light. Also,the inorganic layer may include a gas barrier layer for thelight-emitting element, while the organic layer may include aninsulating layer between the gas barrier layer and the light-emittingelement.

[0032] According to the present invention, the planar polarization beamsplitter may be formed by laying up layers, each having the isotropicrefractive index, so that the rubbing directions are substantially thesame.

[0033] Thereby, according to the present invention, incident light canbe divided into reflected light and transmitted light according to therubbing direction and the polarized element of the light.

[0034] According to the present invention, the wavelength correctingunit may be formed by laying up a plurality of liquid crystallineorganic compound layers, in each of which chiral dopant is orientated ina predetermined direction, so that the chiral dopant orientatingdirection of each layer is displaced by a predetermined angle from eachother.

[0035] Thereby, according to the present invention, a quarter waveplate, for example, may be arranged according to the displacement of thechiral dopant orientation.

[0036] The present invention may also include performing at least one ofnonglaring treatment and reflection-reducing treatment on a surface ofthe polarizing plate.

[0037] Thereby, according to the present invention, the outside lightreflection due to outside light can be reduced or suppressed, enhancingcontrast.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0038]FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional view of an organic EL apparatushaving a light-emitting element, wavelength correcting layer,polarization beam splitter, and polarizing plate formed on a substrate,showing an embodiment of the present invention;

[0039]FIG. 2 is an enlarged schematic showing an arrangement of thepolarization beam splitter;

[0040]FIG. 3 is a schematic showing a light path of a polarized elementof outside light;

[0041]FIG. 4 is a schematic showing a light path of a polarized elementof light of the light-emitting element;

[0042] FIGS. 5(a)-5(c) are perspective views showing examples ofelectronic instruments having the organic EL apparatus, and particularlyshow a mobile phone, a watch-type electronic instrument, and a portableinformation processing apparatus, respectively.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0043] Exemplary embodiments of an electro-optical apparatus, amanufacturing method thereof, and an electronic instrument according tothe present invention are described below with reference to FIGS. 1 to5(c). In this description, the electro-optical apparatus according tothe present invention is exemplified by an organic EL apparatus.

[0044] An organic EL apparatus (electro-optical apparatus) 1 shown inFIG. 1 includes a substrate 2, a light-emitting element 3 formed on thesubstrate 2, a wavelength correcting layer (wavelength correcting unit)21, a sealing layer 4 to hermetically seal the light-emitting element 3,an absorption-type polarizing plate 22, which are sequentially formed onthe light-emitting element 3 opposite to the substrate 2 in that order.

[0045] The substrate 2 can be formed of plastics, such as polyolefins,polyesters, polyacrylate, polycarbonate, polyethersulfone, andpolyetherketone, and transparent materials, such as glass, for example.According to the embodiment, the glass is used.

[0046] The light-emitting element 3 substantially includes an anode 5formed on the substrate 2, a hole-transporting layer 6, an organiclight-emitting layer 8, an electron-transporting layer 9, and a cathode10. Although not shown in FIG. 1, an insulating layer is formed on theanode 5 so as to expose a surface thereof joining to thehole-transporting layer 6.

[0047] The anode 5 can be formed of elemental substances, such asaluminum (Al), gold (Au), silver (Ag), magnesium (Mg), nickel (Ni),zinc-vanadium (Zn—V), indium (In), and tin (Sn); a compound or mixtureof these elemental substances; and a conductive adhesive containing ametallic filler, for example. According to the embodiment, ITO (indiumtin oxide) is used. The anode 5 is preferably formed by sputtering, ionplating, or vacuum deposition. It may also be formed by printing with aspin coater, gravure coater, or knife coater; screen printing; orflexography. In addition, the anode 5 may be formed oflight-transmissive (transparent) materials which are shown.Alternatively, reflective materials may be used. More particularly, atleast one of the substrate 2 and the anode 5 may have reflectiveness.

[0048] The hole-transporting layer 6 may be formed by co-depositing acarbazole polymer and a TPD (triphenyl compound) so as to have a filmthickness in the range of 10 nm to 1000 nm (100 nm to 700 nm, morepreferably), for example. As an alternative process, thehole-transporting layer 6 may be formed on the anode 5 by drying andheating treatments after positive-hole injecting and ejecting an inkcomposition containing a transporting material onto the anode 5 by aninkjet method, for example. A mixture of a polythiophenic derivative,such as polyethylenedioxythiophene and polystyrenesulfonic acid, may beused as the ink composition by dissolving it into a polar solvent, suchas water.

[0049] The insulating film may be patterned using a photolithographicand an etching technology after depositing SiO₂ on the entire surface ofthe substrate by a CVD method.

[0050] The organic light-emitting layer 8, as with the hole-transportinglayer 6, may be formed on the hole-transporting layer 6 by drying andheating treatments after ejecting an ink composition containing alight-emitting layer material onto the hole-transporting layer 6 by aninkjet method. Light-emitting materials for use in the organiclight-emitting layer 8 may include a fluorenyl polymer derivative, a(poly)paraphenylenevinylene derivative, a polyphenylene derivative, apolyfluorene derivative, polyvinylcarbazole, a polythiophene derivative,perylene coloring matter, coumarin coloring matter, Rhodamine coloringmatter, other low-molecular-weight organic EL materials soluble in abenzene derivative, and a polymer organic EL material.

[0051] Also, the electron-transporting layer 9 may be formed byevaporating and depositing a metallic complex compound made from a metaland organic ligand, which are preferably Alq3(tris(8-quinolinolate)aluminum complex), Znq2 (bis(8-quinolinolate)zinccomplex), Bebq2 (bis(8-quinolinolate)berilium complex), Zn-BTZ(2-(o-hydroxyphenyl)benzothiazolezinc), and a perylene derivative so asto have a film thickness in the range of 10 nm to 1000 nm (100 nm to 700nm, more preferably).

[0052] The cathode 10 is constructed by depositing an upper (toward thesealing layer) cathode layer on a lower (toward the substrate) cathodelayer. The lower cathode layer may be made from a metal having a workfunction that is lower than that of the upper cathode layer, such ascalcium, so as to be efficiently injectable electrons into theelectron-transporting layer 9. The upper cathode layer protects thelower cathode layer and may preferably be made from a substance having awork function that is relatively larger than that of the lower cathodelayer, such as aluminum. These upper and lower cathode layers maypreferably be formed by a vacuum deposition method, a sputtering method,and a CVD method. It is especially preferable to be formed by the vacuumdeposition method in terms of protecting the organic light-emittinglayer 8 from damage due to heat, ultra-violet rays, an electron beam,and plasma.

[0053] Although not shown, the organic EL apparatus according to theembodiment is an active matrix type, in practice, in which a pluralityof data lines and a plurality of scanning lines are arranged in alattice, and to each of pixels that are defined by the data lines andthe scanning lines and arrayed in a matrix arrangement, thelight-emitting element 3 is connected via a driving TFT, such as aswitching transistor and a driving transistor. When a driving signal issupplied via the data line or scanning line, a current passes throughbetween electrodes, so that the light-emitting element 3 emits lighttoward the reverse of the substrate 2 (toward the sealing layer 4) so asto turn on the pixel.

[0054] The wavelength correcting layer 21 is formed by laying up layers,that are each made from a liquid crystalline organic compound with athickness of about 5 μm, on which a rubbing treatment is performed andchiral dopant is added, so that the rubbing orientational direction ofeach layer is deviated by 90° from each other, so as to have apredetermined thickness. By the wavelength correcting layer 21 withultra-violet rays so as to solidify it, the wavelength correcting layer21 serves the same function as that of a quarter wave plate twisting thepolarizing direction of incident light by 45°. A liquid crystallineacrylate monomer and a liquid crystalline polymer may be used as theliquid crystalline organic compound.

[0055] The sealing layer 4, as shown in FIG. 2, is fabricated on thelight-emitting element 3 by alternately laying up an inorganic layer 11,on which a rubbing treatment is performed in a specific direction andwhich covers the light-emitting element 3 with the wavelength correctinglayer 21 therebetween, and an organic layer 12 formed on the inorganiclayer 11, so as to have a plurality of layers (several dozens to severalhundreds layers). In the sealing layer 4, the plurality of organiclayers 12 are fabricated so as align the rubbing directions, and therebya polarized element corresponding to the rubbing direction of lightincident in the sealing layer 4 is transmitted while the other halfpolarized element is reflected so as to configure a planar polarizationbeam splitter (referred to as a polarization beam splitter 4 forconvenience). The polarization axes of the wavelength correcting layer21 and the polarization beam splitter 4 are arranged to make an angle of45°. For the inorganic layer 11, it is preferable to use alight-transmissive material having gas-barrier properties for thelight-emitting element 3 and an isotropic refractive index (ceramics,such as silicon nitride; Si₃N₄, for example). For the organic layer 12,it is preferable to use a light-transmissive material having ananisotropic refractive index in a specific direction (theabove-mentioned liquid crystalline organic compound, for example). Wherethe glass transition temperature of the material of the inorganic layer11 is Tg, and the temperature at which the material of the organic layer12 produces a liquid crystalline layer is T_(LC), these materials areselected to satisfy the relationship of Tg>T_(LC).

[0056] When the forming process of the sealing layer 4 is simplydescribed, first, the inorganic layer 11 is formed by a sputteringmethod and CVD method, etc., on the light-emitting element 3 on thesubstrate 2 having the wavelength correcting layer 21, and then therubbing treatment is performed on the inorganic layer 11 in apredetermined direction (A). Next, a material of the organic layer 12 isapplied on the rubbing-treated inorganic layer 11 and heated (B). Theheating temperature T at this time is set to satisfy that Tg>T>T_(LC),so that the organic layer 12 becomes a liquid crystal layer, while theinorganic layer 11 maintains a crystalline state without becoming aglass state. By repeating the processes (A) and (B) multiple times, thesealing layer (polarization beam splitter) 4 can be formed, in which theinorganic layers 11 and the organic layers 12 are alternately laid up.

[0057] The absorption-type polarizing plate 22 is wrapped over thepolarization beam splitter 4 while aligning the polarization directionof the transmitted light, so that one polarized light passes through thepolarizing plate 22 and polarization beam splitter 4. In practice, it ispreferable that the polarization axis be aligned by rotating thepolarizing plate 22 so that the light-emitting strength of thelight-emitting element 3 is maximized. Referring to FIG. 1, on the topsurface of the polarizing plate 22 (opposite to the polarization beamsplitter 4, i.e., toward the outside light), reflection-reducing coating(reflection-reducing treatment) is applied.

[0058] Consequently, the effect of the organic EL apparatus 1 arrangedas described above is described with reference to FIGS. 3 and 4. FIG. 3is a schematic showing a light path of the polarized element of outsidelight, and FIG. 4 is a schematic showing a light path of the polarizedelement of the light emitted from the light-emitting element 3. In FIGS.3 and 4, the polarizing plate 22, the polarization beam splitter 4, thewavelength correcting layer 21, and the light-emitting element 3 areshown in simplified forms for convenience. Arrows 22 a, 4 a, and 21 ashow polarizing axes of the polarizing plate 22, the polarization beamsplitter 4, and the wavelength correcting layer 21, respectively.

[0059] As shown in FIG. 3, one half of the polarized element 31 a ofoutside light, in which the polarizing direction is aligned with apolarizing axis 22 a of the polarizing plate 22, passes through thepolarization beam splitter 4 and is reflected by the light-emittingelement 3 (an aluminum reflection film of the substrate 2 according tothe embodiment) after transmitting the wavelength correcting layer 21.Then, by passing through the wavelength correcting layer 21 again, thepolarizing direction thereof is twisted by 90°.

[0060] Thereby, the light is reflected by the polarization beam splitter4, and the reflected light passes through the wavelength correctinglayer 21 two times again, so that the polarizing direction of thereflected light is twisted by 90°, and the reflected light passesthrough the polarization beam splitter 4 and the polarizing plate 22 tobe emitted toward the front as outside reflection. The other half of thepolarized element 31 b is absorbed without transmitting the polarizingplate 22. Therefore, in the organic EL apparatus 1, the outsidereflection can be halved.

[0061] On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 4, one half of the polarizedelement 32 a in the light produced in the light-emitting element 3passes through a polarizing axis 4 a of the polarization beam splitter 4and the polarizing plate 22 to be emitted in the front, because bytransmitting the wavelength correcting layer 21 so that the polarizingdirection is twisted by 45°, the polarizing direction of the polarizingaxis 4 a of the polarization beam splitter 4 is aligned with thepolarizing axis 22 a of the polarizing plate 22. The other halfpolarized element 32 b is reflected by the polarization beam splitter 4;passes through the wavelength correcting layer 21; is reflected by thelight-emitting element 3 (the aluminum reflection film of the substrate2 according to the embodiment); and passes through the wavelengthcorrecting layer 21 again so that the polarizing direction is twisted by90°. Therefore, the polarized element 32 b passes through the polarizingaxis 4 a of the polarization beam splitter 4 and the polarizing plate 22to be emitted in the front, because the polarizing direction of apolarizing axis 4 a of the polarization beam splitter 4 is aligned withthe polarizing axis 22 a of the polarizing plate 22. That is, all orsubstantially all of the light produced in the light-emitting element 3is emitted in the front without or substantially without orsubstantially without decreasing the light emitting strength.

[0062] As described above, according to the embodiment, even in a typeof organic EL apparatus in that light is derived from the electrode ofthe substrate, by arranging the polarizing plate 22, the polarizationbeam splitter 4, and the wavelength correcting layer 21, a reduction inthe light-emitting strength can be prevented or substantially preventedwhile the outside light reflection is reduced or suppressed to be half,so that the problem that a display becomes darkened can be solved orsubstantially solved, enhancing visibility. Also, according to theembodiment, the coating to reduce enhancing reflection is performed onthe polarizing plate 22, so that the outside light reflection can befurther suppressed, enabling the visibility even in a bright place to befurther enhanced. In addition, performing nongraring treatment on thepolarizing plate 22 enables the display to be further conspicuous,because the scene reflected thereon is reduced.

[0063] Also, according to the embodiment, since the sealing layer toseal the light-emitting element 3 constitutes the polarization beamsplitter 4, the degradation of the light-emitting element due to theoxidation of a material of the light-emitting element can be reduced orrestrained, enabling defects due to the element degradation, which areinstability with time and a short life span, to be reduced orsuppressed. Furthermore, the steps of forming the polarization beamsplitter and the sealing layer need not be arranged individually,enhancing production efficiency.

[0064] Next, examples of an electronic instrument having the organic ELapparatus 1 according to the embodiment are described below.

[0065]FIG. 5(a) is a perspective view showing an example of a mobilephone. In FIG. 5(a), numeral 1000 denotes a mobile phone body, andnumeral 1001 denotes a display using the organic EL apparatus 1.

[0066]FIG. 5(b) is a perspective view showing an example of a watch-typeelectronic instrument. In FIG. 5(b), numeral 1100 denotes a watch body,and numeral 1101 denotes a display using the organic EL apparatus 1.

[0067]FIG. 5(c) is a perspective view showing an example of a portableinformation processing apparatus, such as a word processor and personalcomputer, for example. In FIG. 5(c), numeral 1200 denotes theinformation processing apparatus, numeral 1202 denotes an input unitsuch as a keyboard, numeral 1204 denotes an information-processingapparatus body, and numeral 1206 denotes a display using the organic ELapparatus 1.

[0068] The electronic instruments shown in FIGS. 5(a) to 5(c) have theorganic EL apparatuses 1 according to the embodiment, enabling anelectronic instrument having an organic EL display with excellentvisibility and a long life span to be provided without or substantiallywithout reducing the light-emitting strength.

[0069] In addition, the technical scope of the present invention is notlimited to the embodiments described above, and various modificationsmay be made within the spirit of the present invention.

[0070] For example, according to the embodiment describe above, as thearrangement of the light-emitting element 3, from the substrate 2, theanode 5, the hole transporting layer 6, the organic light-emitting layer8, the electron transporting layer 9, and the cathode 10 aresequentially arranged in this order. However, the invention is notlimited to this arrangement, and the reverse-order arrangement may beadopted, for example. Also, the polarization beam splitter 4 isconstituted by the sealing layer. Alternatively, for example, a panelhaving cholesteric liquid crystal enclosed in cells may also be used. Inaddition, the specific materials shown in the embodiment are onlyexamples, and appropriate alternation may be possible. According to theembodiment, the light-emitting element including an organic workpiece isexemplified. Alternatively, the present invention may be widelyapplicable to a light-emitting type display having mirror feeling.

[0071] In addition to the embodiment described above, an arrangement maybe adopted in that a wavelength correcting layer having the samefunction as that of the wavelength correcting layer 21 is added tobetween the polarizing plate 22 and the polarization beam splitter 4. Inthis case, the polarizing plate 22 and the polarization beam splitter 4may preferably be arranged so that the polarization axes intersect eachother at an angle of 45°.

ADVANTAGES

[0072] As described above, according to the present invention, thevisibility can be enhanced by preventing or substantially preventing areduction in the light emitting strength while outside light reflectionis reduced or suppressed. The present invention also reduces orsuppresses defects due to the element degradation, which are instabilitywith time and a short life span while enhancing manufacturingefficiency. Then, according to the present invention, an electro-opticalapparatus with a long life span, excellent visibility and manufacturingefficiency can be obtained.

What is claimed is:
 1. An electro-optical apparatus, comprising: a light-emitting element; a wavelength correcting unit; a planar polarization beam splitter; and a polarizing plate.
 2. The electro-optical apparatus according to claim 1, the planar polarization beam splitter including a sealing layer to hermetically seal the light-emitting element.
 3. The electro-optical apparatus according to claim 2, the planar polarization beam splitter being formed of a plurality of layers by alternately laying up an inorganic compound layer having an isotropic refractive index, on which a rubbing treatment is performed in a predetermined direction, and an organic compound layer having an anisotropic refractive index.
 4. The electro-optical apparatus according to claim 3, in the laid up layers, each having the isotropic refractive index, of the planar polarization beam splitter, the rubbing directions being substantially the same.
 5. The electro-optical apparatus according to claim 1, the wavelength correcting unit being formed by laying up a plurality of liquid crystalline organic compound layers, in each of which chiral dopant is orientated in a predetermined direction, so that the chiral dopant orientating direction of each layer is displaced by a predetermined angle from each other.
 6. The electro-optical apparatus according to claim 1, on a surface of the polarizing plate, at least one of nonglaring treatment and reflection-reducing treatment being performed.
 7. An electronic instrument, comprising: the electro-optical apparatus according to claim
 1. 8. A manufacturing method of an electro-optical apparatus with a light-emitting element, comprising: arranging a wavelength correcting unit; arranging a planar polarization beam splitter; and arranging a polarizing plate.
 9. The manufacturing method according to claim 8, further including forming a sealing layer to hermetically seal the light-emitting element with the planar polarization beam splitter.
 10. The manufacturing method according to claim 9, the forming the sealing layer including forming a plurality of layers by alternately laying up an inorganic compound layer having an isotropic refractive index, on which a rubbing treatment is performed in a predetermined direction, and an organic compound layer having an anisotropic refractive index.
 11. The manufacturing method according to claim 10, further including forming the planar polarization beam splitter by laying up layers, each having the isotropic refractive index, so that the rubbing directions are substantially the same.
 12. The manufacturing method according to claim 8, further including forming the wavelength correcting unit by laying up a plurality of liquid crystalline organic compound layers, in each of which chiral dopant is orientated in a predetermined direction, so that the chiral dopant orientating direction of each layer is displaced by a predetermined angle from each other.
 13. The manufacturing method according to claim 8, further including performing at least one of nonglaring treatment and reflection-reducing treatment on a surface of the polarizing plate. 